Clear climate information for everyone
Climate Reports and Downloads
Select a place and time period to prepare a climate summary. Save it, print it or share it with others.
A report uses only the data already on the Climate pages. It names the place, the years, the data source and the method, and it says clearly where a figure is not available. Nothing is sent to our server: the PDF and CSV are made in your own browser.
What type of report do you need?
One page: the main figures, a 12-month chart and a short note on how to read them.
Your report will include
Temperature
Typical daytime highs and night-time lows, and the average temperature for the years you choose.
Rainfall
Rain in mm for each month and each year. Monthly rain is a model estimate with low confidence.
Change from usual
How the years you choose compare with the 1991 to 2020 usual for the same calendar months.
Source and method
The data source, how the figures were worked out, the years covered and what the figures cannot tell you.
Report preview
12-month climate view
Month-by-month numbers
Who can use these reports?
Farmers
See past seasons and rainfall patterns for your area.
Students
Study and compare how the weather has changed over the years.
Families
Understand the climate where you live.
Planners
Review long-term changes, with the source named.
A climate report is based on past data. It cannot tell you next week's weather. For today's forecast and warnings, use the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the National Disaster Management Authority.
How the numbers are worked out, CSV columns, limits and common questions
How the numbers in a report are worked out
- Average temperature
- The average of day and night, 2 metres above the ground, in degrees Celsius. We average the months of the years you choose. Only complete years of twelve months are used for these averages.
- Typical daytime high and night-time low
- The average of the daily highs (or lows) over each month, then averaged over the years you choose. They are model estimates, adjusted to a nearby thermometer where one exists. They are typical values, not records. Not available for the world as a whole.
- Change from usual
- Each month minus the 1991 to 2020 average of the same calendar month at the same place, then averaged over the months you choose.
- Rainfall in mm
- The monthly total from the same model record, added up for each year and then averaged over the years you choose. Model rain follows wet and dry years but misses heavy downpours, so it carries low confidence.
- Early figures
- The latest months come from an early release of the model and can change a little. They are marked "early" in the CSV file and the report.
- Place
- A city is the model square nearest its centre, about 28 km wide. A state is the average of the squares inside it. There is no district-level figure.
What the columns in the CSV file mean
| Column | Meaning |
|---|---|
place_id | The short name of the place on this site, for example surat. |
place_name | The name of the place. |
place_type | city, state, country or world. |
year, month | The calendar year and month (1 to 12). |
mean_temperature_C | Average of day and night, in degrees Celsius. |
usual_temperature_1991_2020_C | The 1991 to 2020 average for the same calendar month. |
change_from_usual_C | mean_temperature_C minus the usual, in degrees Celsius. |
typical_daily_high_C | The average of the daily highs in that month (a model estimate, not a record). Empty where not available. |
typical_daily_low_C | The average of the daily lows in that month (a model estimate, not a record). Empty where not available. |
rain_mm | Rain for the month, in millimetres (model estimate, low confidence). |
usual_rain_1991_2020_mm | The 1991 to 2020 average rain for the same calendar month, in millimetres. |
early_figure | yes if the month comes from an early release and can still change, otherwise no. |
method | A short note on how the temperature and rain figures were made. |
source | The data source and the credit line to keep when you share the figures. |
coverage_from, coverage_to | The first and the last month in this file. |
What a report cannot tell you
- The figures are model estimates. They can differ from a thermometer by about 0.5 to 1 degree, and more in hills, on the coast and at high places.
- We do not give heavy-rain-day counts, the wettest day, dry spells, heat index, warm nights or all-time records, because the data for them has not been checked well enough. They are marked "Not available" on the Climate pages.
- A report covers one place at a time. There is no district-level report; a city is the nearest model square and a state is an average over the state.
- Data starts in January 1954 for every place here, because the model reads too cold over India in 1950 to 1953.
Common questions
Is anything sent to your server when I make a report?
No. The report and the CSV file are made inside your browser from the place's data file. The only thing in a share link is the place name and the years.
Can I use these figures in a school project or a report of my own?
Yes. Please say that they are model estimates averaged by HowToSurvive.in and keep the credit line from the file. For the original data, follow each source's own terms.
Why are some columns empty?
Daily highs and lows are not available for the world as a whole, and a month with no data is left empty rather than guessed.
Why does the PDF say "Not available" for some figures?
We would rather write "Not available" than guess. The same rule is used on every Climate page.
Will the PDF match what is on the Climate page?
Yes. A report uses the same data file, the same 1991 to 2020 usual and the same rules as the Climate page.
Data to September 2026. Figures from July 2026 onwards are early and can change a little. Refreshed about every three months. “Usual” means the 1991 to 2020 average. See Data sources and methods.
Related: Climate for farmers · Data sources and methods · Climate safety · Explore the data on the Climate page