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Road Crash Emergency Response in India: Why First Responders Need Strengthening

Road crashes killed 1,72,890 people in India in 2023 (MoRTH). This post looks at the emergency response after a crash: how ambulance services grew from local 102 numbers to the 108 system, where gaps remain, and why better-trained and better-equipped first responders would save lives.

TopicRoad SafetyUpdated2026-09-16
01
The guide
Editorial cover for Road Crash Emergency Response in India: Why First Responders Need Strengthening

Quick answers

Why do first responding services matter for road safety in India?

Strengthening first responding services is central to reducing road deaths, and enhanced training, better equipment and streamlined processes are needed to save lives on roads.

What is the 108 emergency response service?

It is the nationally adopted 108 emergency response system, which followed the local 102 medical emergency number. Gaps in these services still need to be addressed.

What can citizens do to improve road safety?

Citizens can raise their voices and urge the government to prioritise road safety and allocate resources to strengthen first responding services.

Introduction:
In the heartbeat of our nation’s bustling streets lies a silent tragedy – a crisis that claims lives every hour, shattering dreams and leaving families torn apart. It’s time to confront the stark reality of India’s road safety epidemic and rally behind a cause that demands our urgent attention.

The Disturbing Reality:
In 2023, police across India recorded 4,80,583 road crashes. They killed 1,72,890 people and injured 4,62,825 (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2023). That is nearly 20 deaths every hour, and it counts only the crashes that reached a police register.

Why there is no country table here:
An earlier version of this article compared ten countries using a “death rate” worked out by dividing road deaths by road injuries. That figure tells you nothing reliable, because every country counts injuries differently and the numbers came from different years. We have removed it. India’s own official numbers are worrying enough: the 1,72,890 deaths recorded in 2023 were up from 1,68,491 in 2022.

An Urgent Call for Action:
These numbers serve as a wake-up call for all of us. We cannot turn a blind eye to the crisis at hand. It’s time to mobilize and take decisive action to improve road safety across the nation.

The Role of First Responding Services:
Central to addressing this crisis is the need to strengthen our first responding services. While initiatives like the 108 emergency response system have made strides, there is still much work to be done. Enhanced training, better equipment, and streamlined processes are essential to saving lives on our roads.

The Path Forward:
Mr. Nitin Gadkari, a revolutionary figure in infrastructure development, has acknowledged the need for action to reduce the high number of road traffic deaths. However, despite efforts, meaningful impact has been elusive. It’s imperative that we understand the actual problem and work towards effective solutions.

The Challenges Faced:
In India, first responding services have undergone evolution, from the local 102 medical emergency number to the nationally adopted 108 project by the GVK Foundation. Yet, there are gaps that need to be addressed. Without a doubt, upgrading these services is paramount to reducing fatalities and saving lives.

A Plea for Support:
As concerned citizens, we must raise our voices and demand change. Let’s urge the government to prioritize road safety and allocate resources towards strengthening first responding services. Together, we can make a tangible difference and build a safer future for all.

Conclusion:
The time for action is now. Let’s come together, confront India’s road safety crisis, and pave the way for a brighter, safer tomorrow. Every life lost on our roads is one too many. It’s time to make road safety a top priority and ensure that no more lives are needlessly lost.

What needs attention

  • Road crashes reported to police killed 1,72,890 people in India in 2023
  • The first people at a crash are usually passers-by, not paramedics
  • Quick first aid and a fast ambulance can decide whether an injured person survives
  • The 108 ambulance and 112 helpline work only if someone calls quickly with an exact location
  • Fear of police trouble still stops people from helping, though Good Samaritans are protected by law

Controls that reduce risk

  1. Learn basic first aid and bleeding control from a recognised course
  2. Keep a first-aid kit and a warning triangle in your vehicle
  3. Learn how to share your live location from your phone
  4. Housing societies and companies: train drivers and staff as first responders
  5. Report dangerous spots and missing signs to the local traffic police

Common unsafe practices

  • Driving past a crash assuming someone else has called for help
  • Pulling an injured person out of a vehicle when there is no fire or other danger
  • Giving water or food to a badly injured person
  • Stopping in the live lane and becoming a second casualty
  • Crowding round the victim and blocking the ambulance
  • Removing a rider's helmet without need
02
Watch & learn

Related Videos

Relevant safety learning

The Golden Hour Conundrum: Where Are India's Good Samaritans

NDTV Special Projects · English

NDTV report on the golden hour and why bystanders hesitate to help road-accident victims in India.

03
Facts & action

Evidence, Cases & Next Steps

4,80,583Road crashes reported in IndiaMoRTH, Road Accidents in India 2023
1,72,890People killed in road crashesMoRTH, Road Accidents in India 2023
4,62,825People injured in road crashesMoRTH, Road Accidents in India 2023
112India emergency numberERSS

What the evidence supports

  • India road crashes reported in 2023 | 480583
  • People killed in reported road crashes in 2023 | 172890
  • People injured in reported road crashes in 2023 | 462825
  • Emergency number | 112
  • Evidence boundary | Police-reported crashes; not every injury or near miss

Immediate prevention actions

  1. Save 112 and 108 in your phone
  2. Practise sharing your live location with a family member
  3. Put a first-aid kit in your car or bike
  4. Read about India's Good Samaritan protections so you are not afraid to help
  5. Book a first-aid class

Emergency survival steps

  1. Park well away from the crash, switch on hazard lights and keep yourself safe
  2. Call 112 or 108 with the exact location and the number of injured
  3. Switch off the crashed vehicle's ignition if you can do it safely
  4. Press firmly on heavy bleeding with a clean cloth
  5. Keep the injured person still unless there is fire or traffic danger
  6. Stay until help arrives and tell responders what you saw

Limitations

  • MoRTH counts crashes reported to police; not every crash or injury is reported
  • The country comparison and 'death rate' figures in the article mix different years and definitions, so they are not used here
  • The body's figures of 1,68,491 deaths and 4,43,366 injuries come from an earlier MoRTH report than the 2023 figures used here
  • Ambulance response times vary by state and road, and no national figure is given here
Sources and further reading
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